The production of medals with coded political messages was one of the most important ways that the Stuart court in Rome communicated with its supporters in the British Isles. The Pope, who was sympathetic to James Francis Stuart’s claims to be the rightful British king, allowed his official medalists, the Hamerani brothers, to produce a series of exceptionally fine medals of this kind. This ‘Regium Conubium’ medal celebrates James’s ‘royal wedding’ to a Polish princess, Maria Clementina Sobieska, and anticipates the birth of heirs who would inherit his claim to the British throne.