Anita de Caro was born in New York and studied at the Art Students League of New York. In 1936 she moved to Paris and joined Atelier 17, an experimental printmaking workshop established by British artist Stanley William Hayter. The workshop attracted key European and American avant-garde artists including Max Ernst, Yves Tanguy, Helen Phillips and Man Ray. At an Atelier 17 party, de Caro met fellow artist Roger Vieillard whom she married in 1939. De Caro’s painting and works on paper are predominately abstract, and in her later work, she experimented with materials, mixing fabric and paper with paint.