James was first painted by Trevisani in 1719 shortly before he left for Spain to prepare for the abortive invasion of England. The portrait was intended as a gift for his bride-to-be, Princess Maria Clementina. This is an identical version, probably produced by a British artist the following year. It is unknown whether the portrait was painted in Britain or in Rome, but it was common for replicas and copies of such works to be made. They were often commissioned by the royal couple themselves, though in this case it is likely that the portrait was a direct commission by one of their close supporters. 
James is shown wearing the collar and badge of the Order of the Garter. A crown can just be seen placed to his right, reminding viewers of his royal status.