National Galleries of Scotland

Arman (Armand Fernandez) (French / American, 1928 - 2005)

Arman was born in Nice. He moved to Paris in 1949 and since the early 1960s has lived in New York. Early in his career, a catalogue misprint reduced his name to Arman, and he has worked under that name ever since. In the 1950s Arman made works on paper covered with the imprints of rubber stamps. These repeated patterns led, in 1959, to his 'Accumulations', in which dozens of manufactured objects were crammed into transparent plastic boxes. Arman later moved on to more ambitious projects, including a huge tower of sixty cars embedded in concrete, rising to a height of twenty metres.