In the 1910s Duchamp began appropriating ready-made objects (including a bicycle wheel, a shovel and a urinal), which he then signed, re-titled and presented as artworks in their own right. The object Duchamp has appropriated here is a pamphlet published by an American vocational school. Duchamp chanced upon it when he was living in New York in 1922 and sent it to his friend Man Ray, who had moved to Paris the previous year. The work is signed ‘Rrose’, the name Duchamp invented for his female alter-ego.
Marcel Duchamp (French / American, 1887 - 1968)
Duchamp was born in France, but lived for much of his adult life in America. In 1911 he was painting in a cubist style, but he virtually stopped painting after 1912. Duchamp was intrigued by the idea that ordinary, mass-produced things could be considered as art objects in their own right. He preferred simply to sign, and sometimes alter, household objects, terming them 'readymades'. On moving to America in 1915, Duchamp became a leading figure in the New York Dada group, along with Picabia and Man Ray. His questioning attitude towards definitions of authenticity, originality, artistry and authorship has been immensely influential.